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Insurance glossary · Workers’ comp and audits

experience modification rate.

Also called EMR, Experience mod.

The short answer

An experience modification rate compares your workers’ comp claims with other businesses doing the same work. It raises or lowers your premium, and many GCs check it before they hire you.

How is an experience mod calculated?

A rating bureau compares your actual workers’ comp losses over a few recent years with the losses expected for businesses with the same class codes and payroll. Fewer or smaller losses than expected bring the mod below 1.00, which lowers premium; more bring it above, which raises it.

Who calculates my experience mod?

Your state’s workers’ comp rating bureau, not your insurer. In most states that’s NCCI; several states, including New York, North Carolina, California and Pennsylvania, have their own bureaus. Every insurer writing your comp in that state uses the same mod.

Which years of claims count toward my mod?

Usually three full policy years, ending a year before the mod takes effect. The most recent year isn’t included because its claims are still developing. A bad year affects your mod for about three years, then drops off.

Why do small claims matter more than big ones?

Because the formula weighs how often you have claims more heavily than how big they are. Many small claims suggest more to come, while one large one may be bad luck. Some states also discount medical-only claims, which rewards reporting and treating minor injuries promptly.

Why do general contractors ask for my experience mod?

It’s one of the few standard safety measures they can compare across bidders. Many general contractors and owners set a maximum mod for subs, and some prequalification forms won’t accept a bid above it.

Do I have an experience mod if I’m a small business?

In most states, not until your comp premium reaches the state’s eligibility threshold over the rating years. Below it, you have no mod, which some forms show as 1.00 and some leave blank. New York and Washington are exceptions that rate every employer.

Can my experience mod be wrong?

Yes. It depends on the payroll, class codes and claim values your insurers report to the bureau. A claim reserve that was never closed out, payroll in the wrong class, or a claim that belongs to another business can all push it up. Errors can be corrected through the insurer and the bureau.

What happens to my mod if I buy or sell a business?

The mod usually follows the business’s operations and ownership under the bureau’s ownership change rules. Buyers often inherit the seller’s experience, and a new entity doing the same work with the same people can’t simply start fresh. The bureau decides based on an ownership change form.

How can I lower my experience mod?

By having fewer claims and closing the ones you have well: a safety program, prompt reporting, return-to-work options and checking that open claim reserves are realistic. Because older years drop off, steady improvement shows up within a few years.

Does the experience mod work differently by state?

Yes. Most states use NCCI’s plan. New York, California, Pennsylvania and a few others run their own, North Carolina’s bureau calculates mods under NCCI’s plan with its own exceptions, and the four states where comp comes only from a state fund calculate their own experience factors. Thresholds and formulas differ. The notes below cover Riza’s licensed states in detail and every other state in a line.

in the states where Riza is licensed.

Riza is a licensed insurance agency in New York, Colorado, Texas, Florida, Massachusetts, Arizona, Nevada, North Carolina, New Jersey and Georgia. Notes below cite the law they come from. Detailed write-ups cover Arizona, Nevada, Texas, North Carolina and New York. One-line notes for other licensed states appear with them when this term has one.

every other state.

How it works everywhere else, with the rule each line comes from. Riza is not licensed in these states.

by trade.

  • General contractorsYour mod is on every owner’s prequalification form, and you’ll likely set a maximum for your own subs.
  • PlumbingCommercial plumbing bids often ask for the mod up front, and one serious injury can keep it elevated for three renewals.
  • HVACRooftop and lifting injuries drive many HVAC claims, which is why safety programs show up directly in the mod.
  • ElectricalElectrical contractors bidding commercial and public work are routinely screened on their mod.
  • RoofingRoofing class codes carry high rates, so the mod has an outsized effect on what comp costs.

where you’ll see it.

  • Prequalification forms“Provide your experience modification rate for the last three years.”
  • Your workers’ comp quoteAn “experience modification” line applied to your premium.
  • Bureau worksheetThe rating bureau’s experience rating worksheet listing your payroll, claims and the resulting mod.
  • Safety programsOwner and GC safety requirements that set a maximum mod for subs.

read the worksheet, not just the number.

Riza pulls your bureau worksheet, checks the payroll, class codes and claim values that feed it, and flags anything that looks wrong for correction before it costs you a bid. Then we shop your comp with the mod in hand.

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Coverage it touches: Workers’ comp