Insurance glossary · Workers’ comp and audits
experience modification rate.
Also called EMR, Experience mod.
An experience modification rate compares your workers’ comp claims with other businesses doing the same work. It raises or lowers your premium, and many GCs check it before they hire you.
How is an experience mod calculated?
A rating bureau compares your actual workers’ comp losses over a few recent years with the losses expected for businesses with the same class codes and payroll. Fewer or smaller losses than expected bring the mod below 1.00, which lowers premium; more bring it above, which raises it.
Who calculates my experience mod?
Your state’s workers’ comp rating bureau, not your insurer. In most states that’s NCCI; several states, including New York, North Carolina, California and Pennsylvania, have their own bureaus. Every insurer writing your comp in that state uses the same mod.
Which years of claims count toward my mod?
Usually three full policy years, ending a year before the mod takes effect. The most recent year isn’t included because its claims are still developing. A bad year affects your mod for about three years, then drops off.
Why do small claims matter more than big ones?
Because the formula weighs how often you have claims more heavily than how big they are. Many small claims suggest more to come, while one large one may be bad luck. Some states also discount medical-only claims, which rewards reporting and treating minor injuries promptly.
Why do general contractors ask for my experience mod?
It’s one of the few standard safety measures they can compare across bidders. Many general contractors and owners set a maximum mod for subs, and some prequalification forms won’t accept a bid above it.
Do I have an experience mod if I’m a small business?
In most states, not until your comp premium reaches the state’s eligibility threshold over the rating years. Below it, you have no mod, which some forms show as 1.00 and some leave blank. New York and Washington are exceptions that rate every employer.
Can my experience mod be wrong?
Yes. It depends on the payroll, class codes and claim values your insurers report to the bureau. A claim reserve that was never closed out, payroll in the wrong class, or a claim that belongs to another business can all push it up. Errors can be corrected through the insurer and the bureau.
What happens to my mod if I buy or sell a business?
The mod usually follows the business’s operations and ownership under the bureau’s ownership change rules. Buyers often inherit the seller’s experience, and a new entity doing the same work with the same people can’t simply start fresh. The bureau decides based on an ownership change form.
How can I lower my experience mod?
By having fewer claims and closing the ones you have well: a safety program, prompt reporting, return-to-work options and checking that open claim reserves are realistic. Because older years drop off, steady improvement shows up within a few years.
Does the experience mod work differently by state?
Yes. Most states use NCCI’s plan. New York, California, Pennsylvania and a few others run their own, North Carolina’s bureau calculates mods under NCCI’s plan with its own exceptions, and the four states where comp comes only from a state fund calculate their own experience factors. Thresholds and formulas differ. The notes below cover Riza’s licensed states in detail and every other state in a line.
in the states where Riza is licensed.
Riza is a licensed insurance agency in New York, Colorado, Texas, Florida, Massachusetts, Arizona, Nevada, North Carolina, New Jersey and Georgia. Notes below cite the law they come from. Detailed write-ups cover Arizona, Nevada, Texas, North Carolina and New York. One-line notes for other licensed states appear with them when this term has one.
- ArizonaArizona is an NCCI state: NCCI calculates experience mods under its national plan once a business’s premium reaches Arizona’s eligibility amount, with an Arizona-specific split point that weighs frequent small claims more than one large one. Ownership changes are reported to the insurer on NCCI’s form, and experience generally follows the business.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025) · NCCI, dispute resolution processcontractors in Arizona →
- NevadaNevada is an NCCI state: NCCI calculates experience mods under its national plan, with a Nevada-specific split point, once premium reaches the state’s eligibility amount. Mod disputes go to the insurer first, then NCCI’s dispute process.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025) · NCCI, dispute resolution processcontractors in Nevada →
- TexasTexas moved to NCCI’s experience rating plan, with Texas exceptions, for mods effective from July 2015, replacing its old state plan. NCCI calculates the mod. Texas is also the one state where private employers can opt out of workers’ comp entirely, and those employers have no mod.TDI, workers’ comp policy and premium rules · NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025)contractors in Texas →
- North CarolinaNorth Carolina’s own rate bureau, the NCRB, calculates in-state mods using NCCI’s experience rating plan with North Carolina exceptions, while businesses in several states get an interstate mod from NCCI. The eligibility amount is set by the NCRB and updated periodically.NCRB, advisory miscellaneous values (April 2026) · NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025)contractors in North Carolina →
- New YorkNew York runs its own experience rating plan through its rating board, NYCIRB. Since October 2022, every employer with New York exposure gets a mod, with no premium threshold, and mods use New York experience only. Ownership changes are reported straight to NYCIRB.NYCIRB, changes to the experience rating program · NYCIRB, New York Experience Rating Plan Manualcontractors in New York →
- ColoradoColorado uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- FloridaFlorida uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- GeorgiaGeorgia uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- MassachusettsMassachusetts relies on its own bureau, WCRIBMA, to calculate intrastate mods under NCCI’s plan with Massachusetts exceptions, and smaller employers below the threshold may get merit rating instead.WCRIBMA, Experience Rating Plan overview · NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- New JerseyNew Jersey’s bureau, NJCRIB, calculates mods under its own New Jersey Experience Rating Plan, generally using three years of experience, and New Jersey is outside NCCI’s plan.NJCRIB, New Jersey Experience Rating booklet (2018) · NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
every other state.
How it works everywhere else, with the rule each line comes from. Riza is not licensed in these states.
- AlabamaAlabama uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- AlaskaAlaska uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- ArkansasArkansas uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- CaliforniaCalifornia’s mods come from its own bureau, the WCIRB, under the California Experience Rating Plan; eligibility is based on expected losses rather than premium, and mods apply to California only.WCIRB, Determining Eligibility (experience rating) · NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- ConnecticutConnecticut uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- DelawareDelaware’s bureau, the DCRB, calculates mods under its own plan once premium reaches $5,000 over the three-year experience period, and smaller employers are reviewed for merit rating instead.DCRB, Experience Rating Plan · DCRB, Merit Rating Plan
- District of ColumbiaThe District of Columbia uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- HawaiiHawaii uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- IdahoIdaho uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- IllinoisIllinois uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- IndianaIndiana’s bureau, the ICRB, calculates intrastate mods under NCCI’s plan once premium reaches $3,500 average annual or $7,000 in one year, while NCCI handles interstate mods.ICRB, Experience Rating Overview · NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- IowaIowa uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- KansasKansas uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- KentuckyKentucky uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- LouisianaLouisiana uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- MaineMaine uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- MarylandMaryland uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- MichiganMichigan’s mods come from its own advisory organization, CAOM, under a filed Michigan plan rather than NCCI’s, and we couldn’t confirm its eligibility threshold.CAOM, Experience Rating Options · NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- MinnesotaMinnesota’s bureau, MWCIA, calculates intrastate mods under its own plan, and Minnesota joins NCCI interstate rating only for employers with exposure in two or more participating states.MWCIA, Experience Rating FAQs · NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- MississippiMississippi uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- MissouriMissouri uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- MontanaMontana uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- NebraskaNebraska uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- New HampshireNew Hampshire uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- New MexicoNew Mexico uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- North Dakotastate fundNorth Dakota’s state fund, WSI, is the only insurer and automatically experience rates accounts from the fifth policy period once premium totals $15,000 over three periods.WSI, Understanding Experience Rating
- Ohiostate fundOhio’s state fund, BWC, is the only insurer and experience rates employers expected to have at least $2,000 in losses, with group rating programs as an Ohio-specific option.Ohio Admin. Code 4123-17-03, employer's experience rating plan · Ohio BWC, group experience rating overview
- OklahomaOklahoma uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- OregonOregon uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- PennsylvaniaPennsylvania’s bureau, the PCRB, calculates mods under its own plan, which since April 2024 uses a $5,000 eligibility minimum and variable split points based on expected losses.PCRB, Experience Rating Plan
- Rhode IslandRhode Island uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- South CarolinaSouth Carolina uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- South DakotaSouth Dakota uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- TennesseeTennessee uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- UtahUtah uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- VermontVermont uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- VirginiaVirginia uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- Washingtonstate fundWashington’s state fund, L&I, is the only insurer and gives every employer with reported hours an experience factor, with no premium threshold; new businesses get one after about 18 months.Washington L&I, Experience Rating
- West VirginiaWest Virginia uses NCCI’s Experience Rating Plan, so NCCI calculates intrastate and interstate mods once an employer’s premium meets the state eligibility amount set in its loss cost filing.NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- WisconsinWisconsin’s bureau, WCRB, calculates intrastate mods, and Wisconsin joins NCCI interstate rating only for employers with exposure in two or more participating states.WCRB, FAQ · NCCI, ABCs of Experience Rating (2025 ed.): which jurisdictions use the Plan, split point, eligibility method, ownership changes (ERM-14 within 90 days)
- Wyomingstate fundWyoming’s state fund is the only insurer, and per a 2021 legislative presentation, new employers pay the industry base rate for three years before a mod based on their claims applies.Wyoming Legislature, Workers' Compensation presentation to Joint Labor Committee (June 2021) · Wyoming DWS, Workers' Compensation employer forms and resources
by trade.
- General contractorsYour mod is on every owner’s prequalification form, and you’ll likely set a maximum for your own subs.
- PlumbingCommercial plumbing bids often ask for the mod up front, and one serious injury can keep it elevated for three renewals.
- HVACRooftop and lifting injuries drive many HVAC claims, which is why safety programs show up directly in the mod.
- ElectricalElectrical contractors bidding commercial and public work are routinely screened on their mod.
- RoofingRoofing class codes carry high rates, so the mod has an outsized effect on what comp costs.
where you’ll see it.
- Prequalification forms“Provide your experience modification rate for the last three years.”
- Your workers’ comp quoteAn “experience modification” line applied to your premium.
- Bureau worksheetThe rating bureau’s experience rating worksheet listing your payroll, claims and the resulting mod.
- Safety programsOwner and GC safety requirements that set a maximum mod for subs.
read the worksheet, not just the number.
Riza pulls your bureau worksheet, checks the payroll, class codes and claim values that feed it, and flags anything that looks wrong for correction before it costs you a bid. Then we shop your comp with the mod in hand.
Get a quoterelated terms.
Coverage it touches: Workers’ comp